南開(kāi)中學(xué) 段勝利（南開(kāi)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)備課組長(zhǎng)，區(qū)學(xué)科帶頭人。多年擔(dān)任高三畢業(yè)班教學(xué)工作，對(duì)不同層次的學(xué)生如何高效率、有成效地進(jìn)行高考備考有深入的研究。）

　　英語(yǔ)里同義和近義的動(dòng)詞有很多，像hope、wish和expect，receive和accept，allow和permit等等，當(dāng)它們單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們可以通過(guò)句子的語(yǔ)境和動(dòng)詞的詞義，很容易辨別使用哪一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；而當(dāng)它們同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)題目的備選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，對(duì)很多同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，選擇正確的用詞就不是那么輕而易舉了。 　　

　　我們不妨先看一下五年高考天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇動(dòng)詞辨用部分的試題，你可以試著選一下答案。

　　1. Her shoes____ her dress; they look very well together. （2008年）

　　A. suit B. fit

　　C. compare D. match

　　2. Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.（2007年）

　　A. acquired B. finished

　　C. concluded D. achieved

　　3. We want to rent a bus which can 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2006年)

　　A. load B. hold

　　C. fill D. support

　　4. Don’t respond to any e-mails

　　personal information, no matter how official they look. (2006年)

　　A. searching B. asking

　　C. requesting D. questioning

　　5.—— Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?(2005年)

　　—— Oh,really!I haven't____my mailbox yet.

　　A. examined B. reviewed

　　C. tested D. checked

　　6.—— Sorry to ______ you, but could I ask a quick question? (2005年)

　　— No problem.

　　A. worry B. prevent

　　C. trouble D. disappoint

　　7. Happy birthday, Alice ! So you have twenty-one already ! (2004年)

　　A. become B. turned

　　C. grown D. passed

　　在上面的七個(gè)題目中，我們看到，suit、fit和match，load、hold和fill，ask和request，examine、test和check，worry和trouble，become、turn、grow和pass等具有相同或相近語(yǔ)義的詞出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，你能又準(zhǔn)又快地辨別出來(lái)它們使用上的不同嗎？

　　在回答這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的辨析，決定選擇哪一個(gè)詞時(shí)，我們可以首先從這個(gè)詞的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)入手，如果搭配沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，再考慮詞的準(zhǔn)確意義。這樣，問(wèn)題就可以迎刃而解。

　　例如：We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.

　　A. hope B. wait

　　C. expect D. imagine

　　答案：C。仔細(xì)看一下這個(gè)題干，所選擇的動(dòng)詞需要有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，即：…（動(dòng)詞） sb. to do sth.而hope不具有這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，它在使用時(shí)是hope to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),如I hope to visit the Olympic venues one day；wait如果使用復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，要求使用為wait for sb./sb. to do sth.如：The audience were anxiously waiting for the opening ceremony to begin；imagine需要使用動(dòng)名詞即imagine doing，如：I can’t imagine being into space one day。只有expect可以使用復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　又如：— How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?

　　—That _______ me fine.

　　A. fits B. meets

　　C. satisfies D. suits

　　答案：D。sth. fit sb.通常是指尺寸、大小的適合，如：The new clothes fit me perfect.在這個(gè)題目里fit顯然不能使用；而meet在這里不搭配；satisfy sb.是使人滿(mǎn)意，如：Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 這個(gè)題目中satisfy不符合這句話的語(yǔ)境；只有suit表示某事適合某人。

　　還如：They've_____us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?

　　A. provided B. supplied

　　C. shown D. offered

　　答案：D。provide和supply的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：provide（supply）sb. with sth.如：They provided us with food and clothing. 在這個(gè)題目中provide和supply均搭配不對(duì)；show和offer的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：show（offer）sb. sth.但show是給人看，offer是主動(dòng)提出。這里只有offer符合題意。

　　再如：John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm .

　　A．kept B．stopped

　　C．slowed D．delayed

　　答案：D。這個(gè)題目選項(xiàng)上的四個(gè)詞都可搭配，在這種情況下，要根據(jù)題干的語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇。前半句was late for the business meeting，說(shuō)明是到了，只不過(guò)是晚點(diǎn)了。由此可以判斷出他的航班應(yīng)當(dāng)是晚了，因此要選擇delay這個(gè)詞，表示耽擱，推遲。

　　現(xiàn)在，我們可以反過(guò)頭來(lái)，再看看前面的七個(gè)高考題，正確答案是：DDBCDCB，你都辨析對(duì)了嗎？

　　需要同學(xué)們注意的是，同義和近義動(dòng)詞的辨析雖然是高考每年都要考查的內(nèi)容，但題目量有限。不要認(rèn)為考動(dòng)詞，就是考同義辨析。其實(shí)，更多的題目是異義動(dòng)詞詞義的識(shí)別，是簡(jiǎn)單的認(rèn)字，和在語(yǔ)境中正確使用的問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞的辨析，只要掌握了方法，加強(qiáng)識(shí)記，還是很容易跨過(guò)這一關(guān)的。另外，辨析動(dòng)詞還可以結(jié)合語(yǔ)句，將同義和近義動(dòng)詞放在一個(gè)句子中來(lái)感知區(qū)別，例如：

　　表示“丟失”的lost和missing

　　When Smith found his precious painting missing, he knew that it was lost forever.

　　表示“收到，接受”的receive和accept

　　I’ve received Tom’s invitation to the discussion, but I don’t want to accept it.

　　表示“認(rèn)識(shí)”的know和recognize

　　I know Johnson quite well, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him because he was peculiarly dressed up .

　　下面還有十個(gè)動(dòng)詞辨析的題目，你可以再練再體會(huì)辨析同義動(dòng)詞的方法。

　　1.——How do you ________we go to Beijing for our holidays?

　　—— I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．

　　A．insist B．want

　　C．suppose D．suggest

　　2. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________pale．

　　A. got B．changed

　　C．went D．a(chǎn)ppeared

　　3. If you are feeling so tired，perhaps a little sleep would _______．

　　A．a(chǎn)ct B．help

　　C．serve D．1ast

　　4. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _____one—year—old twins at the head．

　　A．isolated B．separated

　　C．divided C．removed

　　5. If anybody calls，tell them I’m out，and ask them to ______their name and address．

　　A．pass B．write

　　C．take D．1eave

　　6. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to __their belongings when they leave the car．

　　A．keep B．catch

　　C．hold D．take

　　7.—— When shall we start?

　　—— Let’s ________it at 8：30．Is that all fight?

　　A．set B．meet

　　C．make D．take

　　8.—— Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?

　　—— No，dear．They don’t well．Put them in the fridge instead．

　　A．keep B．fit

　　C．get D．1ast

　　9.—— Why haven’t you bought any butter?

　　—— I ________to but I forgot about it．

　　A．1iked B．wished

　　C．meant D．expected

　　10. Have a good rest，you need to _____your energy．for the tennis match this afternoon，

　　A．1eave B．save

　　C．hold D．get

　　參考答案：

　　DCBBD DCACB